Sources
The facts referenced across this site are drawn from the sources below — mainly government agencies, research institutions and peer-reviewed journals. Listed alphabetically by subject.
B
- Bull Kelp — growth rate and rangeAquarium of the Pacific, "Bull Kelp," Marine Species Report Card
- Bull Kelp — photographJerry Kirkhart, "Bull Kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana)," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
C
- Carbon storage — global kelp forestsEger, A.M. et al., "The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests," Nature Communications (2023)
E
- Ecosystem services value — global kelp forestsEger, A.M. et al., "The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests," Nature Communications (2023)
F
- Feather Boa Kelp — photographMasamage, "Feather boa kelp (Egregia menziesii)," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
- Feather Boa Kelp — size and rangeNational Park Service, "Creature Feature: Feather Boa Kelp," Cabrillo National Monument
- Food & nutrition — seaweed and kelpHarvard Health Publishing, "Seaweed: A tasty, nutritious snack"
G
- Giant Kelp — growth rate and sizeMonterey Bay Aquarium, "Giant Kelp"
- Giant Kelp — photographBravoGonzalo, "Bosque de Macrocystis pyrifera desde el aire," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
H
- Huiro Kelp — growth rate and maricultureVásquez, J.A. et al., "Population biology and long-term mariculture studies in the brown alga Lessonia trabeculata in Atacama, Chile," Journal of Applied Phycology (2016)
- Huiro Kelp — photographDick Culbert, "Lessonia trabeculata," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
K
- Kombu — cultivation and usesFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme — Laminaria japonica"
- Kombu — photographAzeite, "Dasima," via Wikimedia Commons (CC0)
O
- Oarweed — appearance and rangeMarine Life Information Network (MarLIN), "Oarweed (Laminaria digitata)"
- Oarweed — photographOlivier Barbaroux / Ifremer, "Algues brunes (Laminaria digitata)," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0)
S
- Sea Bamboo — photographOssewa, "Ecklonia maxima, Lambert's Bay," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Sea Bamboo — size and rangeTwo Oceans Aquarium, "Sea bamboo"
- Southern Bull Kelp — photographPseudopanax, "Bull kelp growing on rocks at Taiaroa Head," via Wikimedia Commons (public domain)
- Southern Bull Kelp — rafting and dispersalUniversity of Otago, "Kelp connecting Southern coasts, genomics reveals," reporting on Fraser, C.I. et al., Current Biology (2022)
- Sugar Kelp — appearance and farmingNOAA Fisheries, "Sugar Kelp: Aquaculture"
- Sugar Kelp — photographBaralloco, "Alga Toco Saccharina latissima," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
W
- Wave energy reduction — kelp forestsWorld Resources Institute, "What Is Kelp and How Can We Protect It?"
- Winged Kelp — appearance and rangeSmithsonian Ocean, "Kelp and Kelp Forests," Smithsonian Institution
- Winged Kelp — aquaculture in MaineMaine Sea Grant, University of Maine, "Kelp Aquaculture Fact Sheet"
- Winged Kelp — photographRyan Hodnett, "Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) – Port Rexton, Newfoundland," via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)